隨著應用方向的不斷拓展,能夠用到研磨儀的領域越來越多,但隨著研究的深入,研磨條件也在不斷的細化,特別是一些生物活性樣品,在研磨過程中既要達到研磨效果,又要保證成分不失活,這就要求在研磨樣品時溫度升高不能太高。眾所周知,研磨的過程是通過研磨珠與樣品劇烈碰撞、摩擦而完成的。在這個過程中,隨著產生的熱量增大,溫度也會增加。速度越快,熱量越高,溫度增高也越多。
目前為了抵御溫升的影響,通常采用的方法是低溫預冷和加緩沖液保護,低溫預冷即將樣品預先放置到低溫環(huán)境中,一般為液氮或超低溫冰箱,液氮預冷的速度較快,且溫度較低,但不太適合新鮮動物組織,因為新鮮動物組織含水較多,經液氮冷凍后容易形成冰塊,使樣品變得更加不易破碎。另外,一些動物組織成分經液氮凍融之后容易失活,也不能經受太大的溫度變化,所以動物組織研磨通常會采用緩沖液研磨或直接研磨。
緩沖液研磨可以一定程度上保護樣品不過度升溫,但從另一方面也會吸收研磨珠撞擊的能量,故在緩沖液研磨時,通常要選擇更高的速度才行。加緩沖液研磨時,研磨時間需要很久,且速度較高時,溫度還是會有所升高。為了有效的解決這一矛盾,我們的自動研磨儀采用了化整為零的方式,即將一個較長的研磨過程分為幾次來進行,每次研磨一段時間停頓一會,循環(huán)幾次,原理類似于超聲波破碎,舉個例子來說:如果原來研磨一個樣品需要很久的時間,我們的自動研磨儀就可以將其分為幾次去進行,轉速不變,每次都是研磨的時間和間歇時間都是一樣的,在幾次過后樣品實際被研磨了很久,但由于每次時間都較短,溫度不會升高太多,在暫停過程中,由于有預冷的適配器和緩沖液還能降溫。這樣既保證了樣品的研磨效果,又保證了樣品溫度不會過度升高,可謂一舉兩得。
目前,自動研磨儀對動物組織的處理無疑是一種很好的儀器。相信隨著實驗條件的不斷優(yōu)化,間歇式自動研磨儀會有更大的應用空間。
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